Listed for Europe stock funds. This index measures the performance of stock markets in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. Total returns date back to December 1981. Ndtr_D indexes provide an estimate of the total return that would be achieved by reinvesting one twelfth of the annual yield reported at every month end. It also takes into account actual dividends before withholding taxes, but excludes special tax credits declared by companies. In addition, Ndtr_D indexes subtract withholding taxes retained at the source, for foreigners who do not benefit from a double taxation treaty.