Formerly known as MSCI North America, this index is listed for U.S. investments and measures the performance of markets in Canada and the U.S. Ndtr_D indexes provide an estimate of the total return that would be achieved by reinvesting one twelfth of the annual yield reported at every month end. They also take into account actual dividends before withholding taxes, but excludes special tax credits declared by companies. In addition, Ndtr_D indexes subtract withholding taxes retained at the source, for foreigners who do not benefit from a double taxation treaty.