Fees and Expenses
Fees
Management (Min) %: The minimum management fee the fund can charge. See also Maximum Management Fees
Total Expense Ratio %: The annual expense ratio taken from the fund's annual report, expressed as the percentage of assets deducted each fiscal year for fund expenses, including management fees, administrative fees, operating costs, and all other asset-based costs incurred by the fund.
Portfolio transaction fees, or brokerage costs, as well as initial or deferred sales charges are not included in the expense ratio. The expense ratio, which is deducted from the fund's average net assets, is accrued on a daily basis.
Maximum Management Fees
Management %: The maximum percentage deducted from a fund's average net assets to pay an advisor or subadvisor.
Purchase Information
Purchase Plans
Direct Purchase Plan: A plan through which shareholders may purchase additional shares of a fund directly from the fund's management.
The additional shares for direct purchase plans are either purchased by the plan agent in the open market, issued by the fund from authorized shares not yet issued, or obtained through a combination of both methods.
Reinvestment Plan: A plan whereby a shareholder can reinvest dividends automatically, and therefore acquire additional shares of a fund without having to go through a broker for the transaction.
The additional shares for dividend reinvestment plans are either purchased by the plan agent in the open market, issued by a fund from authorized shares not yet issued, or obtained through a combination of both methods.
Capital Structure
Net Assets (mil): The fund's assets for the most recent month-end. The figure is recorded in millions of dollars and represents the fund's total asset base, net of fees and expenses.
Leverage Amount (mil): The dollar amount by which a fund has increased its investable assets, whether through borrowing, issuance of classes of preferred shares, or both.
Data may be from the fiscal- rather than the calendar-year-end. The greater the proportion of the leverage dollar amount to the net assets, the greater the effect changes in the value of the portfolio will have on shareholders' NAV.
Correspondence Information
Information about how to reach the fund.
Management
Name
The portfolio manager is the individual or individuals responsible for the overall fund strategy, as well as the buying and selling decisions of the securities in a fund's portfolio.
Management teams may consist of many people, but if one manager is considered a central figure or lead manager, that individual's name will be printed. We also note the year in which the manager began running the fund. This information is useful for determining how much of a fund's performance is attributable to its current management.
Start Date
The date on which the listed managers took over day-to-day operations of the fund.
Biography
A short description of each manager's background.
Fund Advisors/Fund Subadvisors
The companies given primary responsibility for managing a fund.